O instituto de educação da Paraíba: uma história de formação docente (1935 - 1956)

Abstract

This thesis is a study that aims to analyze the process of creation and institutionalization of the Institute of Education of Paraíba, the IEP, in the period between 1935, the year of its creation, and 1956, the final year of the direction of Afonso Pereira da Silva to this institution. The research sought to contribute, to the extent that the look at the sources allowed, to revisit it to the traditional historiography of the History of Education in Paraiba generating the production of new historical knowledge. For that, it was based on the argument that although the Institute does not have an official pedagogical model, in addition to the inspirations coming from the New School materialized mainly in the Institute of Education of the Federal District of Rio de Janeiro, it is possible to affirm that it was a complex composed of fields of experimentation with renovating inspirations for education in Paraíba and that little by little (especially in the 1950s) became a "reference" for primary teachers training both in the capital and in the interior of the State. In this sense, the challenge was to understand how its organization and functioning took place from the moment it was instituted, and later institutionalized. The construction of the narrative was made possible in large part by the documentary research carried out in the IEP Archive, in the Waldemar Bispo Duarte Historical Archives of the State of Paraíba, linked to the Cultural Space Foundation - FUNESC, at the Historical and Geographic Institute Paraibano (IHGP) Rare Works Sector of the Central Library of the Federal University of Paraíba, in the private documentary archive of Maurílio de Almeida and in the Afonso Pereira Archive. In this reflexive effort, support was sought in the methodological orientations of a qualitative perspective, paying attention to the political, social, cultural and economic context, including the operation of the Institute in a long period of political exception - the New State - until the beginning of the process of redemocratization in the 1950s. Thus, in order to better deal with the various theoretical currents and thus to be able to read, interpret and reconstruct this history in the sphere of Paraíba teachers training, it was necessary, among others, to rely on the references of Saviani (2007) and Magalhães (2004), when the history of school institutions was discussed. Julia (2001) and Cury (2008, 2010) to discuss the aspects related to culture and school practices and the reflections of Ananias (2007) on issues related to legislation beyond pure ideological expression, but mainly as a result of complex and dense social contradictions that produced them. In addition to these significant references, the writings (books, lectures, regulations) produced by Anísio Teixeira - a singular person in Brazilian educational history, who through his records contributed greatly to the understanding of how his proposal for educational reconstruction for the country has influenced the guidelines and actions that have been implemented in the IEP. Finally, Gramsci (1992) was used to think of the school as a space for transforming subjects through access to culture and enlightenment. In this study, the analytical immersion provided by this study allowed the inference on the possible scope of the influence of modern education for teachers training, based on the principles of the New School, in the particular scope of the Paraíba Institute of Education.